幂硬化介质中平面应力动态裂纹的尖端弹塑性场

本文采用塑性动力学方程,对幂硬化介质中平面应力动态裂纹尖端场进行了渐近分析,其结果表明:在裂纹尖端附近,应力具有的奇异性,应变具有的奇异性,其中A是一个与塑性区尺寸有关的常数因子,r是离开裂纹尖端的距离,n为硬化指数,文中给出了尖端场的控制参量D,它依赖于马赫数;并且给出了各物理量的角函数。     

Numerical and experimental study of turbulent impinging twin-jet flow

The two dimensional impinging circular twin-jet flow with no-cross flow is studied numerically and experimentally. The theoretical predications are carried out through numerical procedure based on finite volume method to solve the governing mass, momentum, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate. The parameters studied were jet Reynolds number (9.5 × 10⁴  Re  22.4 × 10⁴), nozzle to plate spacing (3  h/d  12), nozzle to nozzle centerline spacing (l/d = 3, 5 and 8) and jet angle (0°  θ  20°). It is concluded that the stagnation primary point moves away in the radial main flow direction by increasing the jet angle. This shift becomes stronger by increasing the nozzle to nozzle centerline spacing (l/d). A secondary stagnation point is set up between two jets. The value of pressure at this point decreases by decreasing Reynolds number and/or increasing the jet angle.

The sub atmospheric region occurs on the impingement plate. It increases strongly by increasing Reynolds number and decreases as the jet angle and/or a nozzle to plate spacing increases. The spreading of jet decreases by increasing nozzle to plate spacing. The intensity of re-circulation zone between two jets decreases by increasing of h/d and jet angle. The increase of turbulence kinetic energy occurs within high gradient velocity.     

爆轰波拐角传播三维数值模拟

为了研究爆轰波在拐角中的传播特性以及拐角爆轰低压流场现象,用LSDYNA 3D程序对三种常见的拐角装药的爆轰波传播特性进行了数值模拟,清晰显示了爆轰波因拐角处爆轰波传播面积的变化而产生的衰减 增长过程,讨论了侧向三通中爆速的变化情况,并得到了拐角处低压爆轰区的尺寸。     

冲击载荷形状对阻尼介质中结构最终塑性变形的影响

分析了在阻尼介质中当保持相关参量相同时，冲击载荷形状对简支刚塑性圆板和圆柱薄壳的最终塑性变形的影响。在结构物高载阶段的运动中，考虑了阻尼介质对塑性铰区移行的影响。结果表明:在阻尼介质中，文献［６］中相关参量的概念仍然可以沿用，但结构的最终塑性变形与相关参量的关系式Ｗ＿ｏｆ＝Ｉ￣２＿ｅＧ（Ｐ＿ｅ）应由更一般的表达式来代替。     

中国沿海地质环境与区域持续发展的若干问题探讨

本文分析了中国沿海岩石圈动力学的基础特征, 指出中国东部沿海地质环境与灾害存在南北分异的格局, 阐述了沿海区域工程地质环境的基本规律, 并通过全球及中国近百年海平面变化, 以及人类工程活动对河口海岸地质环境影响的分析, 对沿海地区未来的地质环境与灾害趋向做了初步评估, 并认为中国沿海21世纪的环境与发展将面临严峻的挑战, 特别是环渤海地区。最后, 对影响沿海区域发展的若干问题进行了初步探讨并提出了几点建议。     

The application of a transformational zone method to the calculation of radiation heat transfer inside a piston-cylinder system

A radiation heat transfer analysis has been formulated for the space inside an internal combustion engine cylinder using the principles of the Hottel zone and transformational zone methods. The space analyzed has a variable length resulting from the piston movement. The analysis presented here is for radiation in piston-cylinder systems of known temperatures of radiation gas, and internal surfaces of cylinder, head, and piston. Radiative emissions of the radiation gas in the shape of rings were determined on the basis of Stasiek's principle of surface transformation. The results obtained demonstrate the present approach satisfactorily, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover, the division of the analyzed volume into infinitely small elements along the axial direction has significantly simplified the calculations in comparison with the conventionally employed classical Hottel zone method.     

基于吸力量测确定膨胀土活动带和裂隙深度

采用M itchell公式和裂隙扩展深度方程两种吸力法确定安康地区膨胀土大气影响深度和裂隙开展深度。其一通过对安康地区两处天然边坡开挖观测井,利用张力计进行不同深度处吸力值的现场量测,根据M itchell提出公式计算大气影响深度;其二根据非饱和土抗拉强度公式,建立膨胀土裂隙扩展深度方程,利用基质吸力量测结果求其理论解。结果表明,安康地区膨胀土吸力变化曲线随深度增加变幅减小,呈“波浪式”推移。M itchell公式确定安康地区膨胀土的大气影响深度为3.35m以内,裂隙深度方程确定裂隙开展深度为3.06³.14m。利用M itchell公式计算大气影响深度与膨胀土断裂理论公式确定的裂隙开展深度结果接近。     

点群10mm十次对称二维准晶中的两类接触问题

采用复变函数法探讨了在一个刚性压头作用下十次对称二维准晶材料的两类接触问题,即具有有限摩擦的接触问题以及粘结接触问题.特别地对于平底压头,获得了表征声子场和相位子场的全纯函数的显式表达式,以及在压头上的接触应力分布.结果显示,对于具有有限摩擦的接触问题,接触应力在接触区边缘具有实指数奇异性-1／2±β,其中β由准晶体的材料常数及静摩擦系数确定;而对于粘结接触问题,接触应力在接触区边缘具有振荡型奇异性-1／2±iε,其中ε由准晶体的材料常数确定.     

拉压性能不同材料全量型本构关系及厚壁筒的应力分析

将经典全量理论作了推广，考虑了应力状态及塑性体积变形对拉压性能不同材料的塑性行为的影响。应用该本构模型分别计算了厚壁筒在内压和外压作用下的应力分布。给出了径向应力、环向应力和轴向应力沿壁厚的分布图。将本文的计算解与拉压性能相同(不考虑体积变形、强化曲线唯一)的幂函数强化材料的厚壁筒的理论解进行了比较。结果表明，材料的拉压性能不同对厚壁筒的环向应力和轴向应力影响较大。因此，对于拉压性能不同材料，考虑到其对应力状态及塑性体积变形敏感时，是不能将其简化成拉压性能相同、体积不可压缩、强化曲线唯一的理想材料。